• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A solar system (1) has a collector (2) with a collector inlet (3) and a collector outlet (4) for a liquid heat carrier and a heat collector (5) with an inlet opening (6) and an outlet opening (7). The collector outlet (4) is connected to the inlet opening (6) via a solar flow (8) and the outlet opening (7) is connected to the collector inlet (3) via a solar return (9) to form a solar circuit. For circulating the heat carrier, a pump (1 0) is provided. By means of an operating state detection device, a stagnation operating state of the solar system (1) can be detected. The solar return (9) is connected via an adjustable between a passage and a blocking position by-pass (15) with the solar flow (8). The pump (10) is arranged in the solar return (9) between the outlet opening (7) and the bypass (15). The solar system (1) has a backflow preventer (11) for the pump (1 0) and an expansion and pressure maintaining device (17). The operation state detection means is in control communication with the bypass so as to be in the on-position when the detection means detects the stagnation operation state. The expansion and pressure retaining means (17) is so connected to the solar circuit that upon evaporation of the heat carrier in the collector (2) liquid heat carrier from the collector (2) via the bypass (15) to the expansion and pressure retaining device (17) is displaced towards.
    公开号:AT514111A2
    申请号:T50038/2014
    申请日:2014-01-22
    公开日:2014-10-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Ritter XL Solar GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    (39599) HEL
    The invention relates to a solar system, which has a thermal collector with a collector inlet and a collector outlet for a liquid heat carrier and a heat collector with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for the heat carrier, wherein the collector outlet to form a solar circuit via a solar flow to the inlet opening and the outlet opening are connected via a solar return to the collector inlet, and wherein a pump for circulating the heat carrier is arranged in the solar return, and wherein the solar system has an operating state detecting means by which a stagnation operating state of the solar system can be detected, wherein the heat carrier evaporates in the collector and / or the risk of evaporation of the heat carrier is given.
    If liquid-conducting solar thermal systems can not release their heat without mechanical adjustment, they switch off and become hotter and hotter until they reach their stagnation temperature. The stagnation temperature is i. d. R. above the boiling point of the liquids, especially if it is water or water antifreeze mixtures. It is applied practice that boiling up to temperatures of about 160 ° C is avoided by the allowable pressure being high enough. However, many collectors reach stagnation temperatures so high that boiling prevention via the pressure rise is complicated or not possible. So then the boiling of the collector field must be technically controlled. The boiling of the collector field will not end until all the collectors have steam left. This results in many problems. One problem is that during boiling an enormous volume expansion of the plant contents can take place, which requires a very elaborate expansion device. A second problem is that while boiling is still much heat to the system is released, which is not needed. The third problem is that during boiling, the whole system is thermally stressed at much higher temperatures than intended for normal operation, when the steam can spread everywhere. Further problems are steam shocks and the limits of thermal expansion.
    From DE 30 21 422 A1 a solar system of the type mentioned is known, which serves the direct heating of standing under the usual cold water mains pressure hot water. The solar system has a thermal collector with a collector inlet and a collector outlet for a liquid heat transfer medium. In addition, the solar system has a designed as a storage container heat consumer with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for the heat carrier. The collector outlet is connected to the inlet opening via a solar feed pipe and the outlet opening is connected to the collector inlet via a solar return to form a solar circuit. In the solar return, a pump for circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit is arranged. A portion of the solar return, which extends from the outlet opening of the heat consumer in the conveying direction of the pump up to this, is connected to a cold water supply line.
    The solar system has an operating state detection device, by means of which a stagnation operating state of the solar system can be detected, in which the heat transfer medium evaporates in the collector and / or in which there is a risk of evaporation of the heat transfer medium. The stagnation operating state is detected by means of at least one thermostat, by means of which the approximation of the heat carrier temperature in the collector to the boiling point of the heat carrier can be measured.
    In order to avoid the risk of an inadmissibly high overpressure in the solar circuit occurring in the solar circuit in the stagnation operating state, the solar system has an emptying device for the collector. The emptying device has a first 3/2-way valve in the solar flow and a second 3/2-way valve in the solar return. The 3/2-way valves are in such a way with the operating state 3/24 3
    Detection device in control connection, that the heat transfer medium is circulated during normal operation of the solar system via the collector and the heat consumer in the solar circuit. During the occurrence of the stagnation operating state leading in the conveying direction of the pump from the first 3/2-way valve to the heat consumer section of the solar flow is blocked by the first 3/2-way valve and leading in the conveying direction from the collector outlet to the first 3/2-way valve further Section of the solar flow is connected via the first 3/2-way valve with a drain line to drain this section of the solar flow.
    In a corresponding manner, during the occurrence of the stagnation operating state in the conveying direction of the pump from this to the second 3/2-way valve leading portion of the solar return blocked by the second 3/2-way valve and in the conveying direction of the second 3/2-way valve Collector inlet leading another portion of the solar return is connected via the second 3/2-way valve to the drain line to empty the collector.
    When approaching the boiling point, this device should ensure that the upper part of the solar system, that is the collector and the pipe sections adjacent thereto, empty themselves. This solution is known to experts as a "drain-back" system and can be used for small systems (service water systems with process water storage). For drain-back systems, the collector and the pipes have to run completely empty, which is rather out of the question for collector fields made up of many collectors, and the pipe cross-sections, the pipe run (slope) and the design of the collectors must be subordinate to the goal of emptying. The device described refers to open solar systems, because they are always filled with fresh hot water after each emptying. The device does not accelerate or calm the process of liquid evaporation in the collector field of a liquid-conducting (closed) solar thermal system. 4/24 4 For thermosyphon systems, which are very small solar systems that are driven instead of a pump with gravity, especially by the memory is arranged above the collector, DE20 2006 016 098 U1 overheating protection is known. This consists essentially in the fact that on reaching a temperature which is relatively far below the boiling temperature, a valve in the solar flow closes, after which the solar fluid presses through the return in a heat exchanger. The aim is that the collector empties largely in the heat exchanger during boiling. In addition many details are mentioned, above all it depends on a suitable channel system in the collector. This type of overheating protection for a thermosyphon is not applicable to solar systems with solar pumps, with storage, which are located below the collectors, on solar systems without memory or on collectors, which constructively do not take into account.
    From DE 27 22 451 A1, a solar system is also known, in which liquid heat carrier is displaced from the collector via the solar return to an expansion vessel during the boiling of the heat carrier in the collector. But the practice of many years showed that this solar system works unsatisfactory, especially in terms of overheating protection. When the heat carrier boils in the collector, the steam not only takes the shortest route via the solar return to the expansion vessel, but also to a lesser extent via the solar flow. This can lead to overheating and destruction of components such. B. the solar pump. This danger becomes all the more serious, the more powerful the collectors used are.
    The object of the invention is to provide a solar system of the type mentioned, which makes it possible to limit the amount of evaporating in the collector heat carrier in a simple manner when the stagnation operating condition occurs. In this case, a cumbersome draining of the heat carrier and a subsequent refilling of the solar system should be avoided. 5/24 5
    According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1. These provide that the solar return is connected via a bypass with the solar flow, that for the bypass, an adjusting device is provided, by means of which the bypass between a passage and a blocking division is adjustable, that the pump is disposed in a portion of the solar return, extending from the outlet opening in the conveying direction of the pump to the bypass, that in the solar circuit provided a backflow preventer for the pump, that the solar system comprises an expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung for the heat transfer that the operating state detection device is so in control connection with the actuator, that the bypass is in the passage position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state, and that the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung is so connected to the solar circuit, that upon evaporation of heat carrier located in the collector liquid Wärmeträger äger is displaced from the collector via the bypass to the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung out. A bypass is understood as meaning a bridge in which no solar collector is arranged.
    This ensures that forms as little steam in the stagnation operating state of the solar system and displaces the forming steam as quickly as possible liquid from the collector. According to the invention, the solar system is configured such that the flow paths of the heat transfer medium change in such a way that the heat carrier displaced by the vapor pressure from the collector and possibly the vapor displaced from the collector via the inlet opening of the collector and the bypass in the direction of the expansion - And pressure-holding device can flow without getting into contact with the pump. Advantageously, a thermal load on the pump with superheated steam and / or superheated heat transfer medium is thereby avoided, and yet the liquid heat transfer medium still present in the collector can be effectively and quickly displaced therefrom. Thus, the formation of further heat transfer steam is counteracted and the pressure increase in the solar circuit is limited. The non-return valve ensures that the solar pump and any other units in the solar return are kept away from the boiling process. The solar system according to the invention 6/24 6 allows damping of the currents and effects occurring during stagnation (stagnation damping).
    In the collector, the heat carrier does not boil at the same time, but first at the collector outlet, where it is hottest. In the solar system according to the invention, the flow direction in the collector is completely or partially reversed in the formation of steam after switching off the solar system. The reversal of the direction of flow is due to the fact that even the first steam that forms does not squeeze out the still boiling water back out of the collector. This accelerates the collector emptying process, reduces the overall expansion and limits the temperature rise to the pressure-dependent boiling temperature.
    If the heat transfer medium in the solar system is the same liquid as that used in the heat-consuming process, the expansion and compression device may also be arranged on the heat consumer, i. the expansion of the heat carrier can then take place even in the case of vapor formation in the collector field in the heat-consuming process, z. B. in the heating network.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung is arranged in a portion of the solar flow, which extends from the collector outlet in the conveying direction of the pump to the inlet opening. Hot heat transfer medium, which is displaced from the latter during vaporization of the heat transfer medium in the collector, then does not reach the heat consumer via the solar supply. Thus, the heat consumer can be dimensioned for lower temperatures, without the risk that this is thermally damaged during evaporation of the heat carrier located in the collector.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the expansion and Druckhalteeinrich-device is connected via a condensation vessel with the solar circuit. Heat transfer medium, which evaporates and expands in the collector when the stagnation operating state occurs, can then condense in the condensation vessel and be introduced into the liquid phase
    Condition are transferred, so that its volume greatly reduced. As a result, the pressure increase in the solar circuit is limited in the stagnation operating state. The expansion and pressure holding device can be designed cost-effective with compact dimensions. Liquid, hot heat carrier, which is displaced from the collector in stagnation mode, is cooled in the condensation vessel before it comes into contact with the expansion and pressure holding device. Thus, the expansion volume and the temperature are limited in the expansion and pressure holding device, so that the permissible operating temperature of the expansion and pressure holding device is not exceeded. The condensation vessel is preferably connected to the solar circuit in such a way that it is not flowed through by the heat carrier during normal operation of the solar system. The temperature of the heat transfer medium can therefore correspond approximately to the ambient temperature of the condensation vessel during normal operation of the solar system.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat carrier supply is arranged in the condensation vessel, and the condensation vessel has below the heat carrier supply to an inlet connected to the solar circuit. Since the inlet opening of the condensation vessel is arranged below the heat transfer medium, this is of any gaseous heat transfer medium, which passes in the stagnation operating state from the collector into the condensation vessel, flows through, said gaseous heat transfer heat energy to the heat carrier supply indicates and condenses. The storage capacity of the heat carrier supply is preferably dimensioned so that even under unfavorable operating conditions in the stagnation operating state no steam enters the expansion and pressure holding device.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention is in a portion of the solar larvorlaufs extending from the collector outlet in the conveying direction of the pump to the bypass, an adjustable in an open and a closed position first shut-off disposed, the operating state detecting means in such a way with the first Shut-off device is in control connection that this 8/24 8 is in the closed position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state. When evaporating the heat carrier located in the collector then the still located in the collector liquid heat carrier can be displaced only through the collector inlet to the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung out. As a result, even in solar systems in which the height difference between the collector and the bypass is low, as it is z. B. in collector fields to the ground is the case, steam shocks are excluded.
    It is expedient if the adjusting device has a 2/2-way valve in the bypass. The adjusting device can then be realized inexpensively. Preferably, the adjusting device by means of an electric motor or an electromagnet is adjustable. The 2/2-way valve as a bypass is most effective when the collector or collectors are a few meters above the 2/2-way valve. Then the collector empties mainly backwards through the bypass, because due to the density difference between steam and liquid, a pressure difference between solar flow and solar return adjusts. Without height difference between the collector field and 2/2-way valve, as z. B. is the case with collectors to the ground, the collector field emptied in both directions.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting device in the solar flow on a 3/2-way valve having a bypass connected to the first fluid port, a connected to the collector outlet second fluid port and connected to the inlet opening of the heat consumer third fluid port, said third / 2-way valve can be brought into a first valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected only to the second fluid port, wherein 3/2-way valve can be brought into a second valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected only to the first fluid port, and wherein the operating condition detecting means is in control communication with the 3/2-way valve so that the 3/2-way valve is in the second valve position when the detecting means detects the stagnation operating condition. Thus, when the stagnation operating state occurs with only one directional control valve, the bypass opens and the 9/24 9
    Collector outlet in the conveying direction of the pump to the 3/2-way valve extending section of the solar flow are blocked. The solar system thus enables a simple and inexpensive construction.
    In an expedient embodiment of the invention, in a section of the solar flow, which extends from the bypass in the conveying direction of the pump to the inlet opening of the heat consumer, arranged in an open and a closed position second shut-off arranged, wherein the operating state detecting means with the second Shut-off device is in control connection that this is in the closed position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state. This measure prevents steam and / or hot heat transfer medium from passing out of the collector via the solar flow into the heat consumer when the heat carrier evaporates in the collector.
    It is advantageous if the operating state detection device has at least one temperature sensor. In this case, the at least one temperature sensor is preferably arranged for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the collector, in particular for measuring the temperature at the collector output. The at least one temperature sensor can also be arranged to measure the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in and / or at the heat consumer. In this case, the temperature sensor is preferably configured or arranged for measuring the temperature of the heat carrier fluid at the inlet opening. It is also conceivable that the at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the solar return, preferably in a section of the solar return, which extends from the inlet opening in the conveying direction of the pump up to this. The stagnation operating state can be detected when the temperature of the heat carrier in the collector exceeds a predetermined first limit. However, the stagnation operating state can be detected when the temperature of the heat carrier in the collector exceeds a predetermined second limit and the difference between the temperature of the heat carrier at the inlet opening and the temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet of the heat consumer a predetermined 10/24
    Value falls below. This suggests that less heat is being produced than produced. It is also possible to adjust the adjusting device as a function of the rate of change of the temperature. For example, a sudden increase in temperature while exceeding a predetermined temperature in the collector may indicate that evaporation of the heat carrier in the collector is imminent.
    Preferably, the backflow preventer is arranged in a section of the solar return, which extends in the conveying direction of the pump from the latter to the bypass. The displaced during evaporation of the heat carrier from the collector liquid and / or gaseous heat transfer medium can be kept even more reliable by the pump from this measure.
    The invention is particularly useful when the heat transfer medium in the solar system is the same as that used in the heat-consuming process, e.g. As in the solar heat storage or in the heating network, and if this liquid is chemically and physically stable at thermal stagnation in the collector, d. H. behaves reversibly. This is even more important the higher the stagnation temperatures are. Particularly high stagnation temperatures have vacuum collectors in general and Dewar or Sydney evacuated tube collectors with CPC levels in particular, as e.g. B. in DE 20 2012 011 344 U1 are described for a design with structural steel register. A particularly suitable liquid for use in the invention is water.
    An advantage of the invention is that it is applicable to any size solar systems whose collector fields can consist of any number of individual collectors.
    Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows: 11/24 11
    1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the solar system, in which the solar flow is connected via a bypass with the solar return, which is adjustable by means of a two-way valve in a passage and a blocking division,
    2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the solar system, in which the solar flow can be blocked by means of a further two-way valve,
    3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the solar system, in which the bypass via a 3/2-way valve is connected to the solar flow,
    4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the solar system, which has a condensation vessel, and FIG. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the solar system, in which the condensation vessel is arranged in the bypass.
    A solar system indicated as a whole by 1 in Fig. 1 comprises a thermal collector 2 with a collector inlet 3 and a collector outlet 4 for a liquid heat carrier, e.g. Water on. The collector inlet 3 is disposed at a lower point of the collector 2 than the collector outlet 4.
    The solar system 1 also has a heat consumer 5 or heat consumer, shown only schematically in the drawing, which has an inlet opening 6 and an outlet opening 7 for the heat carrier.
    The collector outlet 4 is connected to the collector inlet 3 via a solar flow 8 with the inlet opening 6 and the outlet opening 7 via a solar return 9 to form a solar circuit. For circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit, a pump 10 is arranged in the solar return 9. In a section of the solar return, which extends from the pump 10 to the collector inlet, a backflow preventer 11 is provided in the solar circuit, which is permeable to the heat carrier in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 and blocks a heat transfer flow against the conveying direction 12. 12/24 12
    The solar system 1 has an operating state detection device, by means of which a stagnation operating state of the solar system 1 can be detected, in which the heat carrier evaporates in the collector and / or the risk of evaporation of the heat carrier is given. The operating state detection device has a control or regulating device 13, which are connected via electrical lines only schematically indicated in the drawing with temperature sensors 14A, 14B, 14C, by means of which the temperature of the heat carrier at the collector outlet 4, at the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer. 5 and in the solar flow 8 is measurable.
    The solar return 9 is connected via a bypass 15 with the solar flow 8.
    The one end of the bypass 15 is connected to a first branch point on the solar flow 8 and the other end of the bypass 15 is connected to a second branch point on the solar return 9. Both branching points are located below the collector and spaced therefrom.
    The bypass 15 is adjustable by means of an adjusting device 16 between a passage and a blocking division. In the exemplary embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the adjusting device 16 has a 2/2-way valve.
    As can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 5, the pump 10 is arranged in a section of the solar return 9, which extends from the outlet opening 7 in the conveying direction 12 to the bypass 15. The backflow preventer is arranged between the pump 10 and the bypass 15 in the solar return 9.
    The solar system 1 further comprises an expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung 17 for the heat transfer medium, which is connected in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1,2, 3 and 5 via a branch line at a branch point, which is located in a portion of the solar forerun 8 which extends from the bypass 15 in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 to the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5. 13/24 13
    The operating state detecting means is in control communication with the actuator 16 so that the bypass 15 is in the on-position when the detecting means detects the stagnation operating condition. When the bypass 15 is in the passage position, the pump 10 is turned off. If the stagnant operating condition is not detected, the bypass 15 is disabled and the pump 10 is on.
    When evaporating located in the collector 2 heat transfer liquid heat carrier is displaced by the collector inlet 3 through from the collector 2 into the bypass 15 and from there via the solar flow to the expansion and Druckhalteeinrich-device 17 out. In this case, a flow reversal occurs, in which the heat transfer medium flows through the solar return 9 counter to the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10. As a result, the collector 2 is emptied and it is counteracted further evaporation of the heat transfer. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the liquid heat carrier still in the collector 2 can be displaced to the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung 17 through the collector outlet 4 and the solar flow 8 during evaporation of the heat carrier in the collector 2.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a first shut-off device 18, which can be adjusted into an open position and a closed position, is arranged in a section of the solar advance 8, which extends from the collector outlet 4 in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 to the bypass 15. The operating state detection device is in control connection with the first shut-off device 18 in such a way that it is in the closed position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state. If the stagnation operating state is not detected, the first shut-off device 18 is open for circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the adjusting device 16 in the solar flow on a 3/2-way valve, which has a connected to the bypass 15 first fluid port, a connected to the collector outlet 4 second Fluidan- 14/24 14
    End and having a connected to the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5 third fluid connection. The 3/2-way valve can be brought into a first valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected to the second fluid port via a fluid passage, not shown in detail in the drawing, provided in the 3/2-way valve. In this valve position, the second fluid port is blocked. The 3/2-way valve can also be brought into a second valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected to the first fluid port and blocked against the second fluid port.
    The operating state detecting means is in control communication with the 3/2-way valve so that it is in the second valve position when the detecting means detects the stagnation operating state. If the detection device does not detect the stagnation operating state, the 3/2-way valve is arranged in the first valve position.
    As can be seen in FIG. 4, a condensation vessel 19 can also be arranged in the bypass 15. In this case, an inlet opening 21 of the condensation vessel 19 is connected to a first branch point, which is arranged in a portion of the solar return 9, which extends from the backflow preventer 11 in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 to the collector inlet 3. An outlet opening 22 of the condensation vessel 19 is connected to the first fluid connection of the adjusting device 16. Otherwise, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to that in FIG. 3.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is in a portion of the solar flow 8, which extends from the bypass 15 in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 to the inlet opening 6 of the heat consumer 5, adjustable in an open and a closed position second shut-off 20th is arranged. The operating state detection device is in control connection with the second shut-off device 20 such that it is in the closed position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state. If the stagnation operating state is not detected, the second shut-off device 20 is open for circulating the heat carrier in the solar circuit. Incidentally, the solar circuit of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the expansion and pressure-holding device is connected via a condensation vessel 19 with the solar circuit. The condensation vessel 19 has on its underside an inlet opening 21, which is connected via a first connecting line to a branch point, which is arranged in a portion of the solar flow 8, which extends from the collector outlet 4 in the conveying direction 12 of the pump 10 to the bypass 15. An outlet opening 22 located on the upper side of the condensation vessel 19 is connected to the expansion and pressure holding device 17 via a second connecting line. In the condensation vessel 19, a heat transfer medium is arranged, which is approximately at ambient temperature during normal operation of the solar system, since it is not arranged in the solar circuit. The heat carrier supply serves to cool the steam and / or hot heat carrier, which passes from the latter into the condensation vessel 19 during vaporization of the heat carrier in the collector 2.
    The reversal of the flow direction is effected by the expansion device is arranged in the flow direction of the solar flow and an opening bypass valve 16 the way from the solar return to the expansion device at the collector field over granted or a diverter valve 11 while still blocking the direct path from So larvorlauf to the expansion device. In this case, a backflow preventer 11 causes the solar pump 10 and other units are kept away from the boiling process in the solar return. The bypass valve 11 is the most effective, but only useful if the collectors are a few meters above the valve. Then the collector field empties in both directions, but due to the large difference in density between vapor and liquid creates a pressure difference, which promotes the water much more intense on the solar return, as steam or steam / water mixture on the solar flow. The diverter valve 11 or alternatively 16/24 16 two synchronously switching 2-way valves, one of which opens the bypass and the other blocks the solar flow, are universally applicable and necessary if between the collectors and the valve is too low a height difference, as it eg This is the case for collector fields on the ground floor, because otherwise there would be steam strikes without blocking the solar forerunner.
    The invention relates to a device for accelerating and calming the process of liquid evaporation in the collector field 2 of a liquid-conducting thermal solar system, in which the evaporation of the collector contents by means of suitable units such as a 2-way valve 11 or a changeover valve 11 is a complete or partial reversal of the flow direction so that as little steam as possible, because the forming steam displaces as much water as possible from the collector field as quickly as possible.
    The liquid in the solar system can be water that flows directly through the storage tank (1-circuit system).
    The collector liquid can be separated from the storage liquid via a heat exchanger (2-circuit system).
    The solar system can be a large-scale solar thermal plant with at least 100 m2 gross collector area. 17/24
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1 Patent Attorneys Dipl.-Ing. Helmut Hübscher Dipl.-Ing. 1. Solar system (1) having a thermal collector (2) with a collector inlet (3) and a collector outlet (4) for a liquid heat carrier and a heat consumer (5) an inlet opening (6) and an outlet opening (7) for the heat carrier, wherein the collector outlet (4) via a solar flow (8) with the inlet opening (6) and the outlet opening (7) via a solar return (9) to form a solar circuit are connected to the collector inlet (3), and wherein in the solar return (9), a pump (10) is arranged for circulating the heat carrier, and wherein the solar system (1) has a loading-state detection means, by means of a stagnation operating state of Solar system (1) is detectable, in which the heat transfer medium in the collector (2) evaporated and / or the risk of evaporation of the heat carrier (2) is given, characterized in that the solar return (9) via a bypass (15) with the solar flow (8) is connected, that for the bypass (15) an adjusting device (16) is provided, by means of which the bypass (15) adjustable between a passage and a blocking position in that the pump (10) is arranged in a section of the solar return (9) which extends from the outlet opening (7) in the conveying direction of the pump (10) to the bypass (15), that in the solar circuit a backflow preventer (11) provided for the pump (10) that the solar system (1) comprises an expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung (17) for the heat carrier, that the Betriebszu-state detection device is so in control connection with the actuating device (16) that the bypass ( 15) is in the transmission position when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state, and that the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung (17) is so connected to the Soargelreislauf 18, 24 at m evaporating from the collector (2) located in the heat carrier liquid heat transfer medium from the collector (2) via the bypass (15) to the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung (17) is displaced towards.
    [2]
    2. Solar system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung (17) is arranged in a portion of the solar flow (8) extending from the collector outlet (4) in the conveying direction (12) of the pump (10). extends to the inlet opening (6) of the heat consumer (5).
    [3]
    3. solar system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the expansion and Druckhaiteeinrichtung (17) via a condensation vessel (19) is connected to the solar circuit.
    [4]
    4. solar system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that in the condensation vessel (19), a heat transfer medium is arranged, and that the condensation vessel (19) below the heat carrier supply connected to the solar circuit inlet opening (22).
    [5]
    5. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in a portion of the solar flow (8) extending from the collector outlet (4) in the conveying direction (12) of the pump (10) to the bypass (15) is arranged, one in an open and a closed position adjustable first shut-off device (18) is arranged, and that the Betriebszustandandsseinseinseinrichation in such a manner with the first shut-off device (18) is in control that it is in the closed position, when the detection means the stagnation Operating state detected.
    [6]
    6. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in a portion of the solar flow (8) extending from the bypass (15) in the conveying direction (12) of the pump (15) to the inlet opening (6) the heat consumer (5) extends, an adjustable in an open and a closed position 19/24 3 second shut-off device (20) is arranged, and that the operating state detecting means in such a manner with the second shut-off device (20) in control connection, that in the closed position is when the detection device detects the stagnation operating state.
    [7]
    7. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adjusting device (16) in the bypass (15) has a 2/2-way valve.
    [8]
    8. Solar system according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjusting device (16) in the solar flow (8) has a 3/2-way valve having a with the bypass (15) connected to the first fluid port, one connected to the collector outlet (4) second Fluid connection and having a third fluid port connected to the inlet opening (6) of the heat consumer (5), that 3/2-way valve can be brought into a first valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected only to the second fluid port that 3 / 2- Directional valve can be brought into a second valve position, in which the third fluid port is connected only to the first fluid port, and that the loading-state detecting means is so in control connection with the 3/2-way valve, that this is in the second valve position, when the detecting means detects the stagnation operating condition.
    [9]
    9. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the operating state detecting means comprises at least one temperature sensor (14A, 14B, 14C).
    [10]
    10. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the backflow preventer (11) is arranged in a portion of the solar return (9), in the conveying direction (12) of the pump (10) from this to the Bypass (15) extends.
    [11]
    11. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is the heat transfer medium is water. 20/24 4
    [12]
    12. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the collector (2) comprises a collector field, which is composed of at least two individual panels.
    [13]
    13. solar system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the collector (2) has at least one evacuated tube collector. Linz, January 22, 2014 Ritter XL Solar GmbH by: / Dl Karl Winfried Hellmich / (signed electronically) 21/24
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    同族专利:
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    AT514111B1|2015-04-15|
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    DE102014000672A1|2014-07-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CH610092A5|1977-01-11|1979-03-30|Fischer Ag Georg|System for using solar energy to heat water|
    DE2722451A1|1977-05-18|1978-11-30|Bosch Gmbh Robert|EQUIPMENT FOR HEAT SUPPLY WITH SOLAR PANELS|
    DE2839258A1|1978-09-09|1980-03-20|Bosch Gmbh Robert|Water heating circuit using solar heat - uses expansion tank and nitrogen filled balloon in frost protection system|
    DE3021422A1|1980-06-06|1981-12-17|Dieter Ing. 8000 München Raue|Solar heating system for service water - has pump controlling thermostat valves and vent for freezing, excess pressure and overheating protection|
    DE202006016098U1|2006-10-18|2006-12-21|Wagner & Co. Solartechnik Gmbh|Solar collector system for thermal energy has overheating protector with thermostat valve|
    DE102009006724A1|2009-01-29|2010-08-05|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Solar heating system, method and apparatus for extending the life of a system with a closed fluid circuit|
    DE202012011344U1|2012-11-27|2012-12-05|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|solar system|DE102014224767A1|2014-12-03|2016-06-09|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for emptying and restarting a collector system and hydraulic circuit of a collector system|
    DE102016010396B4|2016-08-30|2018-05-17|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|solar system|
    DE102019006054A1|2019-08-28|2021-03-04|Ritter Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|Solar system and a method for operating the solar system|
    法律状态:
    2018-03-15| PC| Change of the owner|Owner name: RITTER ENERGIE- UND UMWELTTECHNIK GMBH & CO. K, DE Effective date: 20180209 |
    2021-09-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20210122 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013001531|2013-01-29|
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